Military and War

Important wars and campaigns

Important battles

Important Political Events

Important political events/changes

Declarations of war / Important peace treaties

Wars of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814)

German Campaign (1813)

1813

January 4

French evacuate Königsberg (Kaliningrad) and retreat to the line of the Vistula (Wisla)

Alexander resolves to continue the war into Poland and Germany

1813

January 8

Yorck occupies Königsberg

1813

January 12

Russians cross the river Niemen

1813

January 16

Russians besiege Danzig (Gdansk)

1813

January 22

Stein arrives at Königsberg and convokes meeting of the estates of East Prussia; Frederick William flees Berlin for Breslau (Wroclaw)

1813

January 24

Metternich informs Napoleon that Austria is withdrawing its alliance with France

1813

February 3

Frederick William authorises enlistment of volunteers

1813

February 5-7

East Prussian estates decree formation of a Landwehr

1813

February 26

Russia and Prussia sign secret treaty of alliance at Kalisch (Kalisz)

1813

March 1

French abandon the line of the Oder, leaving garrisons in Stettin (Szcecin), Küstrin (Kostryzn), Glogau (Glogow) and Spandau

1813

March 4

Russians enter Berlin

1813

March 12

French evacuate Hamburg

1813

March 17

Prussia declares war on France; French abandon the line of the upper Elbe and fall back towards the Saale

1813

March 18

Prusso-Russian raiding force seizes Hamburg; Swedish army disembarks at Stralsund under Bernadotte; Frederick William decrees formation of a Landwehr in the whole of Prussia

1813

March 27

Prussians occupy Dresden

1813

April 2           

French defeated at Lüneberg

1813

April 3-5

French defeated at Mockern

1813

April 13

French defeated at second battle of Castalla.

1813

April 15

Napoleon leaves Paris for the front

1813

April 18

Russians capture Thorn (Torun)

1813

April 21

Russians capture Spandau

Frederick William Orders formation of a Landsturm

1813

April 27

Americans capture York (Toronto).

1813

April 29-June 4

German Campaign

1813

May 1

Napoleon advances into Saxony

1813

May 2

Napoleon defeats Prussians and Russians at Lützen

1813

May 8

Napoleon occupies Dresden

1813

May 14

Duchy of Warsaw occupied by Russia

1813

May 20-21

Battle of Bautzen (France vs Russia/Prussia) French victory 

1813

May 27

French evacuate Madrid for the last time;
Americans capture Fort George

1813

May 31

Franco-Danish forces reoccupy Hamburg

1813

June 2

British launch amphibious operation against Tarragona

1813

June 4

Napoleon agrees armistice of Pläswitz with Russia and Prussia

1813

June 15

First Treaty of Reichenbach (Dzierzoniow) Britain, Russia and Prussia agree not to make a separate peace with Napoleon, and to maintain an agreed level of commitment to the struggle.

1813

June 18

British abandon operations against Tarragona

1813

June 21

Battle of Vitoria (France vs England/Portugal) English/Portugese victory, Wellington defeats Joseph

1813

June 26

Napoleon meets Metternich at Dresden

1813

June 27

Second Treaty of Reichenbach (Dzierzoniow); Austria agrees to enter the war if Napoleon refuses to accept her mediation

1813

July 13

Compact of Trachenberg (Zmigrod); Frederick William and Alexander force Bernadotte to agree to sending his main forces against Napoleon (rather than Denmark) and agree a common strategy in case hostilities should resume

1813

July 25

Soult launches counter-offensive in the Pyrenees.

1813

July 26

Wellington raises siege of San Sebastian

1813

July 28

Wellington defeats Soult at first battle of Sorauren

1813

July 30

Wellington defeats Soult at second battle of Sorauren; Bentinck besieges Tarragona

1813

August 12

Austria declares war on France

1813

August 15

Hostilities resume in Saxony and Silesia; Suchet relieves and evacuates Tarragona

1813

August 16

Austrians invade Illyrian provinces

1813

August 22

Wellington resumes siege of San Sebastian

1813

August 23

Oudinot defeated at Großbeeren

1813

August 26

Macdonald defeated at the river Katzbach (Kaczawa)

1813

August 26-27

Napoleon defeats Allies at Dresden

1813

August 30

Vandamme defeated at Kulm

1813

August 31

Wellington storms San Sebastian; Spaniards defeat Soult at San Marcial

1813

September 6

Ney defeated at Dennewitz

1813

September 8

Citadel of San Sebastian surrenders

1813

September 15

Allies besiege Magdeburg; French hold out until peace is signed

1813

October 8

Bavaria signs Treaty of Ried with Austria, agreeing to join Allies in exchange for a guarantee of her continued independence

1813

October 16-19

Battle of Leipzig (Battle of the Nations)  (France vs Allies) French army torn to shreds; French armies retreat across the Rhine; French armies retreat in Spain and Italy)

1813

November 2

Württemberg and Hesse-Cassel join the Allies

1813

November 5

Austrians besiege Venice, which holds out till the end of the war

1813

November 9

Eugene defeats Austrians at Ala

Metternich offers Napoleon favourable peace terms (Frankfurt Proposals);

1813

November 18

Helvetic Confederation declares its neutrality

1813

November 29

Allies capture Danzig

1813

November 30

Napoleon defeats Bavarians at Hanau

1813

December 1

Bernadotte invades Denmark

1813

December 4

Karadjordje forced to flee into Austrian territory, whereupon the Serbian revolt finally collapses

1813

December 11

Napoleon signs Treaty of Valençay with Ferdinand VII.

1813

December 24

Allies besiege Hamburg where Davout holds out until Napoleon abdicates; revolution breaks out in the Helvetic Confederation where the Act of Mediation is overthrown by resentful patricians

1813

December 29

Allies move across the Rhine in force

French Campaign (1814)

1814

January 14

Denmark makes peace by menas of Treatx of Kiel

1814

January 28

Murat invades Kingdom of Italy

1814

January 29

Napoleon defeats Blücher at Brienne

1814

February  4

Cortes declaires Treaty of Valençay invalid

1814

February 5

Peace talks open at Chatillon

1814

February 8

Eugene defeats the Austrians at the river Minico

1814

February 14

Napoleon defeats Blücher at Vauchamps

1814

March 5

Decree on the levée en masse

1814

March 9

Conference of Allied leaders agree to continue the war until Napoleon in finally defeated (Treaty of Chumont )

1814

March 10

Blücher defeats Napoleon at Laon

1814

March 12

Bordeuax declaires for Louis XVIII.

1814

March 13

Napoleon defeats Russian at Rheims

1814

March 21

Chattillon discussions break up

1814

March 24      

Ferdinand VII returns to Spain

1814

March 25

Combined allied army marches on Paris; French defeated at La Fere-Champenoise

1814

March 30

Allies assault Paris and storm the heights of Montmartre

1814

March 31

Marmont surrenders Paris, and leads bis troops over to the Allies

1814

April 1

Allies declare that they will no longer treat with Napoleon or any of his family, and that France's future must be decided by her own people

1814

April 2

Stage-managed by Talleyrand, the Senate calls for the return of Louis XVIII; Napoleon's marshals refuse to continue the war

1814

April 4

Napoleon abdicates in favour of his son

1814

April 6

Napoleon abdicates unconditionally

1814

April 10

Wellington defeats Soult at Toulouse

1814

April 12

Murat defeats French at Borgo San Donnino

1814

April 14

British repulse sortie by garrison of Bayonne

1814

April 16

Allies ratify Treaty of Fontainebleau giving Elba to Napoleon; Spaniards repulse sortie by garrison of Barcelona; Elio 'pronounces' against constitution of 1812 in Valencia

1814

April 17

Eugene agrees armistice with Austrians

1814

April 20

Napoleon sails for Elba

1814

May 3

Louis XVIII enters Paris

1814

May 10-11

Spanish army restores absolutism

1814

May 17

Norway declares its independence

1814

May 30

Peace officially restored by first Treaty of Paris

1814

September 15

Discussions with regard to the settlement of Europe begin in Vienna

1814

December 4

United States and Britain sign Treaty of Ghent

War of the Seventh Coalition (1815)

French Campaign (1815)

1815

January 3

Secret Defensive Alliance between Austria, Great Britain and France against a possible Russian-Prussian menace

1815

February 26

Napoleon sets sail from Elba

1815

March 1

Napoleon lands in France

1815

March 5

Napoleon declared an outlaw by the Congress of Vienna

1815

March 19

Louis XVIII flees Paris

1815

March 20

Napoleon enters Paris

1815

March 25

Seventh Coalition formed at Vienna; Allies abjure separate peace and agree to fight on until Napoleon is overthrown

1815

May 3

Republic of Kraków 

1815

June 15

Napoleon invades Belgium

1815

June 16

Napoleon defeats Blücher at Ligny and forces Wellington to retreat at Quatre Bras

1815

June 18

Napoleon attacks Wellington at Waterloo, but is checked; attacked by Grouchy at Wavre, Blücher manages to disengage most of his troops and marches to attack Napoleon's right flank and rear; by nightfall the entire French army is in flight

1815

June 20

Polish Kingdom, in (nominally personal, actually subordinate) union with Russia, established by the Congress of Vienna 

1815

June 19-21

Austro-German forces invade France on a front stretching from Sedan to Basle and invest Mezieres, Montmedy and Strasbourg; meanwhile Wellington and Blücher cross the frontier in pursuit of Napoleon's army

1815

June 22

Napoleon abdicates in favour of the King of Rome

1815

June  27

Prussians defeated at Senlis; French defeated at Villers-Cotterets.

1815

June 28

Austrians storm Montbeliard; French defeated at Soissons

1815

June 29

French defeated at La Souffel

1815

June 29-July 3

Allies surround Paris

1815

Juny 4

Imperial government capitulates

1815

July 1

Blücher occupies Versailles

1815

July 8

Louis XVIII restored to the throne

1815

July 10

Napoleon surrenders to British at Rochefort

1815

July 24

Strasbourg capitulates

1815

July 26

H.M.S. Northumberland sets sail for Saint Helena with Napoleon

1815

September 13

Montmedy capitulates; the Napoleonic Wars are finally at an end