| BACK | TIMELINE 1801-1806 |
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Timeline The Revolutionary
and Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815) |
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Military
and War Important
wars and campaigns Important
battles |
Important
Political Events Important
political events/changes Declarations
of war / Important peace treaties |
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The
Revolutionary Wars (1792-1803) |
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Wars
of the First Coalition (1792-1797) |
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1792 |
April
20 |
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France
declares war on Austria, Prussia and Piedmont: Beginning of the War of the
First Coalition |
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1792 |
May
14 |
Russian
troops cross the border. |
Confederation
of Targowica |
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1792 |
July
14 |
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National
Holiday in France: the Marseillaise,
initially composed for the French Rhine Army, spreads throughout France
and becomes the National Anthem |
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1792 |
August
23 |
Capitulation
of the fortification of Longwy |
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1792 |
September
2 |
Capitulation
of the fortification of Verdun |
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1792 |
September
5-7 |
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First
phase of the "Terreur" (so called september murders) |
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1792 |
August/ |
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Upheavals
in Brittany, Mayenne and Vendée
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1792 |
September
20 |
Battle
of Valmy (France versus Prussia/Austria), French Victory
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1792 |
September
21 |
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Establishment
of the first French Republic |
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1792 |
September
22 |
The army of Marquis de Montesquiou-Fézensac completes the conquest of Savoy
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1792 |
September
23 |
The
Austrians encircle Lille |
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1792 |
October
1 |
The
Convention splits his forces in eight armies: North, Ardennes, Moselle, Rhine, Vosges, Alps, Pyrénées, Interior
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1792 |
October
3 |
Revolutionary
troops occupy Basel |
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1792 |
October
4 |
Revolutionary
troops occupy Worms |
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1792 |
October
27 |
Revolutionary
troops enter Belgium |
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1792 |
November
6 |
The
revolutionary troops occupy Jemappes (part of the Austrian part of the
Netherlands)
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1792 |
November
9 |
Revolutionary
troops occupy the Palatinate |
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1793 |
January
21 |
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Louis
XVI guillotined |
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1793 |
January
23 |
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Russia
and Prussia signed the Second Partition Great Poland with parts of Mazovia
(Mazowsze) to Prussia; Podolia, Volhynia, and Lithuanian to Russia. |
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1793 |
January
24 |
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Because
of the hanging of Louis XVI Great Britain breaks off its diplomatic
relations with France
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1793 |
February
1 |
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France
declares war on England and Holland
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1793 |
February
7 |
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France
declares war on Spain
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1793 |
March
1 |
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The
Convention declares the reunion of Brussels to France; the following
cities and regions are reunited to France in the next days: Le Hainaut,
Stavelot, Franchimont, Logne, Salm, Gent, Bruges, Tournai, Louvain, Namur
and 32 communities on the bank of the river Rhine
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1793 |
March
15 |
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Upheavals
in the region Loire-Atlantique (south east of the Bretagne) |
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1793 |
March
22 |
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Great
Britain, Holland, Spain, Naples and the Roman Empire declare war on
France, not at least in reaction to the murder of the French king |
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1793 |
March
35 |
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Alliance
between Russia and Great Britain |
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1793 |
April
6 |
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Installation
of the socalled "Committee of Public Safety" (Comité de salut public) as executive organ of the French Republic |
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1793 |
April
22 |
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The
United States declare themselves neutral in the European War |
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1793 |
June |
Civil
war in the Vendée |
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1793 |
July |
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Famine
in Paris |
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1793 |
July
13 |
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Death
of Marat |
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1793 |
July
27 |
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Robespierre
became the leader of the French Revolution |
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1793 |
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Royalist
forces call on Britain's forces at Toulon |
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1793 |
September
5 |
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Robespierre
declares the "Terreur" as an official political principle of the
revolutionary forces
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1793 |
September
22 |
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Introduction
of the Revolutionary Calender in France (until December 31, 1805) |
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1793 |
October
16 |
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Marie
Antoinette guillotined |
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1793 |
November
7 |
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Abolition
of Christianity in France |
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1793 |
August- December |
Siege
of Toulon (France vs England/Spain) French Victory; the capture of Toulon
is mainly due to the young General Bonaparte |
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1793 |
December
12 |
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Decree
introducing compulsory education in France |
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1794 |
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Kosciuszko
Insurrection Victory at Raclawice |
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1794 |
April
5 |
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Georges
Danton and his followers guillotined
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1794 |
June
10 |
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Beginning
of the Grande Terreur in France; in the following weeks aproximately
1300 "foes of the revolution" will be guillotined |
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1794 |
June/July |
The
revolutionary Army (about 500,000 men) has some important successes on the
main theater of war in Belgium
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1794 |
July
28 |
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Robespierre
and his followers guillotined |
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1794 |
October
25 |
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Prussia
denounces its alliance with Great Britain and Holland
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1794 |
November
4 |
Kléber
recieves the capitulation of Maastricht |
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1794 |
November
6 |
The
Russians enter into Warsaw |
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1794 |
November
8 |
French
troops enter into Nijmegen |
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1794 |
November/ |
Civil
war in the Vendée and other regions breaks out again |
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1794 |
December
14 |
Kléber
begins the siege of Mayence |
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1795 |
January
3 |
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Russia
and Austria agree on the division of Poland |
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1795 |
January
20 |
French
troops occupy Amsterdam |
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1795 |
April
5 |
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Peace
treaty of Basel; Prussia leaves the coalition against France; Northern
Germany is declared neutral; France takes control over the left bank of
the Rhine |
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1795 |
July
16 |
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Agreement
between France and Prussia: the North of Germany is declared neutral under
the protection of Prussia
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1795 |
August
29 |
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Peace
Treaty between France and Sweden |
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1795 |
September
28 |
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Treaty
between Great Britain, Russia and Austria |
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1795 |
October
1 |
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Annexation
of Belgium by France |
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1795 |
October
24 |
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Upon
the Third partition by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, the Polish state
ceases to exist: Lithuania and Wolhynia to Russia; Mazovia (as
Neuostpreußen) and Warsaw to Prussia; and Cracow and Little Poland to
Austria (as West Galicia).
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1795 |
November/ |
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Extreme
difficulties of food supply in France; high death rates |
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First Italian Campaign (1796-1797) |
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1796 |
March
2 |
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Bonaparte
is named supreme commander of the Italian Army |
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1796 |
April
10 |
Begin
of Bonaparte's campaign in Italy
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1796 |
May
10 |
Battle
of Lodi (France vs Austria) French victory |
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1796 |
May
15 |
Bonaparte
enters into Milano |
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1796 |
May
20 |
Resumption
of the military campaign in Germany |
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1796 |
June
4 |
Bonaparte
begins the siege of Mantua |
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1796 |
June
23 |
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Armistice
between Bonaparte and Pope Pius VI. |
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1796 |
July
16 |
Kléber
enters into Frankfurt |
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1796 |
July
18 |
Moreau
enters into Stuttgart |
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1796 |
July
25 |
Jourdan
takes Würzburg |
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1796 |
August
7 |
Kléber
victorious against the Austrians at Forchheim |
Peace
Treaty between France and the Duchy of Württemberg which cedes ist
possessions on the left bank of the Rhine (Montbéliard, Héricourt,
Riquewihr) |
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1796 |
August
18 |
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Treaty
between France and Spain: offensive and defensive alliance |
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1796 |
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France
takes Control of Lombardia; War at sea with Britain continues |
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1797 |
February
14 |
Naval
Battle of Cape St. Vincent, Horatio Nelson and British Royal Navy victory
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1797 |
April
17 |
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Signature
of preliminary peace treaty between France and Austria |
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1797 |
April |
British
Royal Navy fleet mutinies: Spithead and Nore
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1797 |
Summer
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Napoleon's
conquest of Venice |
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1797 |
October |
Naval
Battle of Camperdown, British Royal Navy victory |
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1797 |
October
17 |
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Peace
of Campo Formio (England remains in opposition to France); Austria ends
the war against France; Austria cedes the Netherlands and the Lombardy and
- secretely - renounces the left bank of the Rhine; is compensated
with the control over Venice; France takes control over Belgium and left
bank of the Rhine : End of the 1st Coalition and the 1st
Italian Campaign
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1797 |
December
30 |
French
troops enter into Mayence |
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Egyptian
and Syrian Campaign (1798-1801) |
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1798 |
February
15 |
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Declaration
of the Romanian Republic by the Jacobins seeking protection of the French
army |
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1798 |
March
5 |
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The
Directorate confines the command of an expedition to Egypt to Bonaparte |
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1798 |
May
19 |
Departure
of the expedition to Egypt from Toulon |
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1798 |
April
21 |
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Proclamation
of the Helvetian Republic |
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1798 |
June
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Occupation
of Malta, landing in Alexandria (July 2), conquest of the Nil region, push
to Syria |
Malta occupied, Alexandria and the Nile delta occupied |
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1798 |
July
21 |
Battle
of the Pyramids (Embabeh) (France vs Mamelukes) French victory |
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1798 |
July
23 |
Bonaparte
conquers Kairo |
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1798 |
August
1 |
Naval
Battle of Abukir Bay (Battle of the Nile) (France vs. England) English
victory; Nelson's fleet destroys the French squadron; the expeditionary
corps is cut from the French homeland
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Turkey
declares war on France |
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1798 |
November
17 |
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Austria
and Great Britain agree on the restoration of the French territory within
the boundaries from 1789 |
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Wars
of the Second Coalition (1799-1802) |
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1799 |
February
10 |
Bonaparte
leaves Kairo and leads his army towards Syria |
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1799 |
March
12 |
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France
declares war against Austria which rejoins the Second Coalition
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1799 |
Spring |
French
armies defeated in Italy; French
victories in Switzerland and Holland |
Great Britain, Austria,
Russia, Naples and Sweden form an alliance against
France
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1799 |
July
19 |
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French
soldiers discover the Rosetta Stone: the inscription in three languages
enables Jean-Francois Champollion to decipher the hieroglyphes |
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1799 |
July
25 |
Victory
of Bonaparte at Aboukir over a new Turkish Army |
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1799 |
August
23 |
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Bonaparte
embarks to France, Kléber takes over the command of the French troops in
Egypt |
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1799 |
October
9 |
Bonaparte
lands in Fréjus |
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1799 |
November |
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Coup d'état by Bonaparte; Napoleon, Sieyès and Ducos are named "consul" |
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1799 |
December
12 |
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Napoleon
imposes military dictatorship in France |
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1799 |
December
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Napoleon
reorganizes and prepares for attack on Austria; Allies drop out of
anti-French coalition; |
Russia
leaves the coalition with Great Britain and Austria |
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1799 |
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Consular
Republic (1799-1802) |
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Second
Italian Campaign (1800-1802) |
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1800 |
June
14 |
Battle
of Marengo (France vs Austria) French victory; gives Po Valley to France |
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1800 |
December
3 |
Battle
of Hohenlinden (France vs. Austria) French victory in Bavaria under
General Moreau; this victory on the pivotal battlefield in Italy decides
the Second War of Coalition
in favour of the French Republic |
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1800 |
December
24 |
Attempt
to assassinate Napoleon in rue Saint-Nicaise |
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